Sunday, September 04, 2005
CHEMISTRY - Particulate Nature Of Matter
~particulate nature of matter~
SOLID
fixed shape
fixed volume
cannot be compressed
has a high density
is hard and usually made of crystals
LIQUID
takes the shape of its container
fixed volume
cannot be compressed
has a medium density
is not hard and can flow easily
GAS
takes the shape of its container
no fixed volume
can be compressed
has a low density
can flow and diffuse easily
--------------
Kinetic Particle Theory ->
all matter are made up of particles -particles are in constant random motion
SOLID
closely packed together
arranged in three dimensional pattern
strong forces of attraction
- cannot move about freely
thus, fixed shape and volume, cannot be compressed (particles are already so close to each other)
LIQUID
particles not held in fixed positions
weaker forces of attraction
- move about by sliding over one another
- no fixed shape
still packed quite closely together
- cannot be compressed, with a fixed volume
GAS
particles spread far apart
- easily compressed when pressure is applied
very weak forces of attraction
-distance between particles can be changed
- no fixed shape or volume
-----------------------
solid -> liquid ......melting (heating)
solid -> gas .........sublimation (heating)
liquid -> gas ........boiling/evap (heating)
liquid -> solid ......freezing (cooling)
gas -> solid ........condesation (cooling)
gas -> liquid .......condesation (cooling)
----------------------
when solid is HEATED, heat ENERGY ABSORBED.
particles GAIN KINETIC ENERGY, VIBRATE FASTER.
vibration gets VIOLENT, attractive FORCES ARE OVERCOME.
particles BREAK AWAY.
that temperature is known as the MELTING POINT.
______________
when liquid is COOLED, particles LOSES KINETIC ENERGY
thus unable to MOVE ABOUT FREELY.
FREEZING POINT.
_____________
.evaporation.
liquid turning into gas at ROOM TEMPERATURE
some particles have enough ENERGY to escape as a gas from the SURFACE of the liquid
liquids which evaoprate quickly are known as VOLATILE liquids
BOILING___________EVAPORATION
only at boiling point ..... at temperatures below boiling point
throughout the liquid .... only at the surface of the liquid
occurs rapidly ............. occurs slowly
SOLID
fixed shape
fixed volume
cannot be compressed
has a high density
is hard and usually made of crystals
LIQUID
takes the shape of its container
fixed volume
cannot be compressed
has a medium density
is not hard and can flow easily
GAS
takes the shape of its container
no fixed volume
can be compressed
has a low density
can flow and diffuse easily
--------------
Kinetic Particle Theory ->
all matter are made up of particles -particles are in constant random motion
SOLID
closely packed together
arranged in three dimensional pattern
strong forces of attraction
- cannot move about freely
thus, fixed shape and volume, cannot be compressed (particles are already so close to each other)
LIQUID
particles not held in fixed positions
weaker forces of attraction
- move about by sliding over one another
- no fixed shape
still packed quite closely together
- cannot be compressed, with a fixed volume
GAS
particles spread far apart
- easily compressed when pressure is applied
very weak forces of attraction
-distance between particles can be changed
- no fixed shape or volume
-----------------------
solid -> liquid ......melting (heating)
solid -> gas .........sublimation (heating)
liquid -> gas ........boiling/evap (heating)
liquid -> solid ......freezing (cooling)
gas -> solid ........condesation (cooling)
gas -> liquid .......condesation (cooling)
----------------------
when solid is HEATED, heat ENERGY ABSORBED.
particles GAIN KINETIC ENERGY, VIBRATE FASTER.
vibration gets VIOLENT, attractive FORCES ARE OVERCOME.
particles BREAK AWAY.
that temperature is known as the MELTING POINT.
______________
when liquid is COOLED, particles LOSES KINETIC ENERGY
thus unable to MOVE ABOUT FREELY.
FREEZING POINT.
_____________
.evaporation.
liquid turning into gas at ROOM TEMPERATURE
some particles have enough ENERGY to escape as a gas from the SURFACE of the liquid
liquids which evaoprate quickly are known as VOLATILE liquids
BOILING___________EVAPORATION
only at boiling point ..... at temperatures below boiling point
throughout the liquid .... only at the surface of the liquid
occurs rapidly ............. occurs slowly
# we mugged! @ 1:55 AM 
